The H5N1 avian influenza virus, also known as bird flu, has been spreading among wild birds globally.

According to the National Institutes of Health, over 18 million birds in the U.S. have contracted the virus, with limited cases in mammals, including cows, and humans.

Though the general risk for people is low, there have been 67 reported human cases of bird flu in the U.S. since March 2024, with one fatality. The virus typically spreads through direct contact with infected poultry, dairy cows, or wild birds.

While most of us are unlikely to contract the disease, bird flu is affecting the egg industry. Infected poultry flocks are culled, driving egg prices to soar. With concerns about the flu, many wonder: can you get bird flu from eating eggs? Here's what the experts say:

Can You Get the Bird Flu from Eating Eggs?

Experts agree that the risk of contracting the H5N1 bird flu virus from eggs is virtually nonexistent, provided eggs are properly stored and cooked. “Safe storage and cooking of eggs eliminate any potential risk,” says Dr. Geeta Sood, assistant professor of medicine at Johns Hopkins Medicine.

The USDA inspects poultry and egg plants, and flocks are tested for the virus, so the likelihood of bird flu reaching your grocery store is very low. Still, taking some precautions is recommended.

Can You Tell if an Egg is Infected?

You won’t likely find infected eggs in the store, but it’s good to know how to spot unusual eggs. Chickens infected with bird flu typically exhibit symptoms like diarrhea and difficulty breathing, and they often stop laying eggs.

If they do lay eggs, these eggs may be too small or have soft, thin shells. These eggs are removed from the food supply. If you encounter eggs with abnormal appearances, it's safest not to buy them.

Are There Specific Kinds of Eggs More Likely to Contain Bird Flu?

Unpasteurized eggs pose a risk, as pasteurization kills any viruses, including bird flu. When purchasing eggs, look for pasteurized options and make sure they’re fresh.

"Buy eggs that are refrigerated and avoid cartons with cracked eggs,” advises Dr. Gregory Weston of Montefiore Medical Center. At home, store eggs in the fridge and consume them within three weeks of purchase, before the expiration date.

Are All Egg Styles Safe?

No, certain egg preparations are riskier. Raw or undercooked eggs, such as those used in egg-based drinks or dishes like eggs Benedict, should be avoided.

How to Handle Eggs When Cooking

Proper hygiene is crucial when handling eggs. “Always wash your hands after touching eggs, and wash the eggs before cracking them open,” advises Dr. Yoshua Quinones, a board-certified internist.

Thorough handwashing, with hot, soapy water for at least 20 seconds, is essential. Clean all surfaces and utensils that come into contact with eggs.

Additional preventative measures include avoiding contact with wild or sick birds, washing your hands after handling animals or surfaces exposed to animal fluids, and wearing protective gear if handling birds.

It’s also wise to limit trips to petting zoos or farms where birds may be present.

While there’s no need for panic, staying informed and following safety guidelines is always a good approach.